Politikos ir mokslo santykio sampratos raida: nuo Weberio iki Habermaso
| Author | Affiliation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
LT | Vilniaus universitetas | LT |
| Date | Issue | Start Page | End Page |
|---|---|---|---|
2001-07-10 | Nr. 3-4 | 24 | 43 |
Straipsnyje siekiama parodyti mokslo ir politikos santykio sampratos pokyčius XX a. vokiškoje socialinės filosofijos tradicijoje, kuriai priskiriame Maxą Weberį, Karlą Mannheimą, Frankfurto mokyklą bei Jürgeną Habermasą. Ištyrus pastarųjų teoretikų pažiūras, galima teigti, jog daugmaž neutrali XX a. pradžios Weberio mokslo politinio vaidmens samprata išgyvena keletą transformacijų, t.y. pirmiausia ji įgauna pozityvaus mokslo socialinių galimybių vertinimo pavidalą Mannheimo žinojimo sociologijoje, po to perauga į negatyvų mokslo vaidmens traktavimą Frankfurto mokykloje, kol galiausiai su kai kuriomis pataisomis grįžta į savo pirminę formą Habermaso teorijoje.
The article seeks to demonstrate the changes in the conception of relations between science and politics in the 20 th century German tradition of social philosophy. This tradition encompasses Max Weber, Karl Mannheim, Frankfurt School and Jürgen Habermas. The analysis of their works revealed that Weber’s neutral attitude towards the political role of science had experienced couple of transformations. First, Weber’s idea of science as a political instrument was radicalized in Mannheim’s sociology of knowledge. In the latter science as an institution is conceived much more positively because it can replace politics by controllable administration. Second, Frankfurt School denies the mannheimian optimism stressing the negative consequences of that substitution: scientific rationalism invades social and political life at the same time ignoring qualitative aspects that are so important in political field. And, finally, trying to breakthrough the one-sided negativism of elder colleagues in Frankfurt School, Habermas restores weberian attitude towards instrumental character of science. In order to elude the dominance of science two steps are of crucial importance: repoliticization of public sphere and removing restrictions on communication.
