Šaknies *lem- refleksai baltų ir slavų kalbose

Abstract

The article is a structural, semantic and word-formation analysis of words containing the root *lem-. Root reflexes in the Baltic and Slavic languages are compared for commonalities and differences. The verbal root Чет- "to bend, to break" is best recognized in the Baltic languages; these have conserved the primitive (non derivative) verbal forms: Lith. lemti (lémti), lëmia, lėmė (lėmė), Latvian lernt (em, em), lemju, lēmu "to cause, to decide", Pr. lembtwey, limtwei "to break". In other languages there are only derivative forms of root *lem-. The most notable among these are Germanic and Slavic suffixal iteratives: Old Icelandic lemj a "to beat", Old Slavonic lomit, lomljç, Russian ломить, ломлю, Polish lomia, lomią and others. The article analyzes the morphological structure and root vocalism of Baltic and Slavic verbs. The main focus is on semantic evolution. [...]